Spring Boot + Netty + WebSocket 实现消息推送

admin · 发表于 2025-1-19 01:53:51

关于Netty
Netty 是一个利用 Java 的高级网络的能力，隐藏其背后的复杂性而提供一个易于使用的 API 的客户端/服务器框架。

2

Maven依赖

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.36.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

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3

SpringBootApplication
启动器中需要new一个NettyServer，并显式调用启动netty。

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudStudyDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudStudyDemoApplication.class,args);
try {
new NettyServer(12345).start();
System.out.println("https://blog.csdn.net/moshowgame");
System.out.println("http://127.0.0.1:6688/netty-websocket/index");
}catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("NettyServerError:"+e.getMessage());
}
}
}

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4

NettyServer
启动的NettyServer，这里进行配置

/**
* NettyServer Netty服务器配置
*/
public class NettyServer {
private final int port;
public NettyServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void start() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap sb = new ServerBootstrap();
sb.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
sb.group(group, bossGroup) // 绑定线程池
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // 指定使用的channel
.localAddress(this.port)// 绑定监听端口
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { // 绑定客户端连接时候触发操作
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
System.out.println("收到新连接");
//websocket协议本身是基于http协议的，所以这边也要使用http解编码器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
//以块的方式来写的处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws", null, true, 65536 * 10));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new MyWebSocketHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf = sb.bind().sync(); // 服务器异步创建绑定
System.out.println(NettyServer.class + " 启动正在监听：" + cf.channel().localAddress());
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync(); // 关闭服务器通道
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully().sync(); // 释放线程池资源
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
}
}

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5

MyChannelHandlerPool
通道组池，管理所有websocket连接

/**
* MyChannelHandlerPool
* 通道组池，管理所有websocket连接
*/
public class MyChannelHandlerPool {
public MyChannelHandlerPool(){}
public static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
}

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6

MyWebSocketHandler
处理ws一下几种情况：

channelActive与客户端建立连接
channelInactive与客户端断开连接
channelRead0客户端发送消息处理

/**
* NettyServer Netty服务器配置
*/
public class NettyServer {
private final int port;
public NettyServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void start() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap sb = new ServerBootstrap();
sb.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
sb.group(group, bossGroup) // 绑定线程池
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // 指定使用的channel
.localAddress(this.port)// 绑定监听端口
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { // 绑定客户端连接时候触发操作
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
System.out.println("收到新连接");
//websocket协议本身是基于http协议的，所以这边也要使用http解编码器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
//以块的方式来写的处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws", "WebSocket", true, 65536 * 10));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new MyWebSocketHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf = sb.bind().sync(); // 服务器异步创建绑定
System.out.println(NettyServer.class + " 启动正在监听：" + cf.channel().localAddress());
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync(); // 关闭服务器通道
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully().sync(); // 释放线程池资源
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
}
}

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7

socket.html
主要是连接ws，发送消息，以及消息反馈

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Netty-Websocket</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
// by zhengkai.blog.csdn.net
var socket;
if(!window.WebSocket){
window.WebSocket = window.MozWebSocket;
}
if(window.WebSocket){
socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:12345/ws");
socket.onmessage = function(event){
var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
ta.value += event.data+"\r\n";
};
socket.onopen = function(event){
var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
ta.value = "Netty-WebSocket服务器。。。。。。连接 \r\n";
};
socket.onclose = function(event){
var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
ta.value = "Netty-WebSocket服务器。。。。。。关闭 \r\n";
};
}else{
alert("您的浏览器不支持WebSocket协议！");
}
function send(message){
if(!window.WebSocket){return;}
if(socket.readyState == WebSocket.OPEN){
socket.send(message);
}else{
alert("WebSocket 连接没有建立成功！");
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form onSubmit="return false;">
<label>ID</label><input type="text" name="uid" value="${uid!!}" /> <br />
<label>TEXT</label><input type="text" name="message" value="这里输入消息" /> <br />
<br /> <input type="button" value="发送ws消息"
onClick="send(this.form.uid.value+':'+this.form.message.value)" />
<hr color="black" />
<h3>服务端返回的应答消息</h3>
<textarea id="responseText" style="width: 1024px;height: 300px;"></textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>

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8

Controller
写好了html当然还需要一个controller来引导页面。

@RestController
public class IndexController {
@GetMapping("/index")
public ModelAndView index(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView("socket");
mav.addObject("uid", RandomUtil.randomNumbers(6));
return mav;
}
}

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10

改造netty支持url参数
1.首先，调整一下加载handler的顺序，优先MyWebSocketHandler在WebSocketServerProtocolHandler之上。

ch.pipeline().addLast(new MyWebSocketHandler());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws", null, true, 65536 * 10));

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2.其次，改造MyWebSocketHandler 的channelRead方法，首次连接会是一个FullHttpRequest类型，可以通过FullHttpRequest.uri()获取完整ws的URL地址，之后接受信息的话，会是一个TextWebSocketFrame类型。

public class MyWebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("与客户端建立连接，通道开启！");
//添加到channelGroup通道组
MyChannelHandlerPool.channelGroup.add(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("与客户端断开连接，通道关闭！");
//添加到channelGroup 通道组
MyChannelHandlerPool.channelGroup.remove(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//首次连接是FullHttpRequest，处理参数 by zhengkai.blog.csdn.net
if (null != msg && msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
FullHttpRequest request = (FullHttpRequest) msg;
String uri = request.uri();
Map paramMap=getUrlParams(uri);
System.out.println("接收到的参数是："+JSON.toJSONString(paramMap));
//如果url包含参数，需要处理
if(uri.contains("?")){
String newUri=uri.substring(0,uri.indexOf("?"));
System.out.println(newUri);
request.setUri(newUri);
}
}else if(msg instanceof TextWebSocketFrame){
//正常的TEXT消息类型
TextWebSocketFrame frame=(TextWebSocketFrame)msg;
System.out.println("客户端收到服务器数据：" +frame.text());
sendAllMessage(frame.text());
}
super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
}
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, TextWebSocketFrame textWebSocketFrame) throws Exception {
}
private void sendAllMessage(String message){
//收到信息后，群发给所有channel
MyChannelHandlerPool.channelGroup.writeAndFlush( new TextWebSocketFrame(message));
}
private static Map getUrlParams(String url){
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
url = url.replace("?",";");
if (!url.contains(";")){
return map;
}
if (url.split(";").length > 0){
String[] arr = url.split(";")[1].split("&");
for (String s : arr){
String key = s.split("=")[0];
String value = s.split("=")[1];
map.put(key,value);
}
return map;
}else{
return map;
}
}
}

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3.html中的ws地址也进行改造

socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:12345/ws?uid=666&gid=777");

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4.改造后控制台输出情况

收到新连接
与客户端建立连接，通道开启！
接收到的参数是：{"uid":"666","gid":"777"}
/ws
客户端收到服务器数据：142531:这里输入消息
客户端收到服务器数据：142531:这里输入消息
客户端收到服务器数据：142531:这里输入消息

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failed: WebSocket opening handshake timed out

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听说是ssl wss的情况下才会出现，来自 @around-gao 的解决方法：
把MyWebSocketHandler和WebSocketServerProtocolHandler调下顺序就好了。

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